By Jamie Cohen-Cole
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Extra info for The Open Mind: Cold War Politics and the Sciences of Human Nature
Sample text
37 Given the quantity of specialized knowledge, it seemed clear that no one could master every kind. The consequence, as the committee observed, was that the simple act of negotiating everyday life required each person to rely on others. By casting matters this way, the committee put the distribution of expertise in an egalitarian frame. But it opened up a new problem. If every American needed to rely on other people and their particular areas of expertise, then would not everyday living need to be conducted on a great deal of trust?
A society in which everyone had the same set of mental skills would cohere by way of a special national character of mind. Besides achieving unity through the sharing of mental traits, such a society would also be fundamentally egalitarian, because everyone was either expert or layman according to context. Modernity’s overspecialization, instead of being merely a social problem as Lilienthal and others characterized it, was thus placed in a democratic frame and assimilated to positive political ideals.
With the support of the Carnegie Corporation and the Rockefeller Foundation, a second major research project was initiated in 1949 at Berkeley’s Institute of Personality Assessment and Research (IPAR). ”30 Three critical assumptions linked these projects for identifying the creative kind of person. First, creativity was assumed to be a useful, productive, social trait. It was not to be understood simply as a mental process. It would consequently be measured in terms of the novel creation of The Creative American 45 actual products, whether they were poems, patents, buildings, or bombs.